U UK Inheritance & Probate Help

United Kingdom · UK inheritance tax, probate, and estate administration

Sort the inheritance tax forms and probate — with the numbers worked out for you

Plain-English, worked-example guides to UK inheritance tax, probate, and filling in the HMRC forms — with real numbers you can follow.

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Written by Eleanor Hartley, TEP (STEP-qualified estate practitioner) · figures verified against official United Kingdom sources

40worked-example guides

£325knil rate band figures verified

2026-06-03last updated

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Four ways into inheritance tax and probate

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IHT form how-to

Box-by-box walkthroughs of IHT400, IHT403, IHT405, PA1P and the rest — with real figures.

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IHT reliefs & rules worked examples

The nil rate band, RNRB taper, the 7-year rule, BPR, APR and pensions — each worked through.

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Deed of variation

Redirecting an inheritance after death, the 2-year rule, and the IHT and CGT effects.

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Probate process how-to

Applying for the grant, executor duties, costs, intestacy, and when probate is not needed.

Every guide

All 40 worked-example guides

IHT form how-to

How to Fill In Form IHT400: A Box-by-Box Worked Example for a £600,000 Estate The IHT400 Calculation Pages Explained: Working Out a £92,000 Tax Bill Line by Line Form IHT403 Worked Example: Listing 7 Years of Gifts and Calculating Taper Relief Form IHT402: Claiming a Deceased Spouse's Unused Nil Rate Band — Worked Example Form IHT405: Reporting the Deceased's House and Land — A Worked Valuation Example Form IHT409 Pensions: How to Report Drawdown and Death Benefits (and the 2027 Change) Form IHT421 Probate Summary: Which Figures the Probate Registry Actually Needs Form IHT423: Paying Inheritance Tax Direct From the Deceased's Bank — Worked Example IHT205 vs IHT400: Why Most 2026 Estates No Longer File IHT205 Form PA1P Worked Example: Applying for Probate When There Is a Will Form PA1A Worked Example: Applying for Letters of Administration With No Will IHT400 Rates and Thresholds for 2026: The Numbers That Drive Every Box

IHT reliefs & rules worked examples

Residence Nil Rate Band Taper: How a £2.3m Estate Loses £150,000 of RNRB The 7-Year Rule and Gift Taper Relief: A £500,000 Gift Worked Through Year by Year Business Property Relief on AIM Shares After April 2026: 100% Relief Cut to 50% Agricultural Property Relief and the New £2.5m Allowance: A Working-Farm Worked Example Gifts Out of Normal Income: Building the £18,000-a-Year Exemption Evidence Trail The 36% Reduced IHT Rate: When Leaving 10% to Charity Actually Saves the Estate Money Transferable Nil Rate Band on Second Death: Claiming the Full £650,000 Gifts With Reservation of Benefit: Why Giving Away the House but Living In It Fails Inheritance Tax on the Family Home: How RNRB Saves a £500,000 House From £70,000 Tax Trusts and Inheritance Tax: The 10-Year Charge and Exit Charge Worked Through Quick Succession Relief: Reclaiming IHT When Two Deaths Fall Within 5 Years The Taper Relief Myth: Why a £200,000 Gift Gets Zero Taper Relief The Nil Rate Band Frozen Until 2030: How Fiscal Drag Adds £40,000 to a Typical Bill Inheritance Tax on Pensions From April 2027: A £200,000 Pension Pot Worked Example

Deed of variation

Deed of Variation: Redirecting a £100,000 Inheritance and the IHT Effect Worked Through Deed of Variation of a Will: A Worked Example of Cutting an £80,000 IHT Bill Deed of Variation on Inherited Property: The IHT and CGT Numbers Worked Out The Deed of Variation 2-Year Rule: What Happens If You Miss the Deadline Deed of Variation Template Walkthrough: The Clauses and Statements You Must Include

Probate process how-to

How to Apply for Probate in the UK: The Full Step-by-Step With a £300 Fee Example Grant of Representation: Grant of Probate vs Letters of Administration Compared Executor Duties in the UK: The 12-Step Checklist With Real Cost and Liability Examples How Long Does Probate Take in the UK? A Realistic 9-Month Timeline With Bottlenecks Probate Costs in the UK: A Full £450,000 Estate Broken Down Line by Line Intestacy Rules in the UK: Who Inherits a £600,000 Estate With No Will When Is Probate Not Needed in the UK? The Small-Estate and Joint-Asset Thresholds Dealing With Bank Accounts After Death in the UK: From Notification to Closing Worked Through PA1P vs PA1A: Which Probate Application Form You Need (With Decision Examples)